What is typically required for an RNAV approach?

For an RNAV (Area Navigation) approach, the proper equipment is crucial, and the requirement for an approved GPS or FMS (Flight Management System) is central to its execution. RNAV approaches utilize satellite navigation to provide precise course guidance, and this generally involves either GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) or other forms of area navigation capabilities. The aircraft must be equipped with technology that meets the necessary system standards and has received the appropriate approvals from aviation authorities.

The term RNAV itself implies the need for suitable navigation systems that can interpret and manage the waypoints and procedures outlined in the approach plates. Therefore, having an approved GPS or FMS is essential not just for the accuracy and reliability of the navigation but also for compliance with regulatory requirements and safety standards.

While the other options may be related to various types of approaches or operational requirements, they do not fulfill the specific necessity for executing an RNAV approach as comprehensively as approved GPS or FMS systems do.