What component provides heading information to the pilot in an aircraft?

The magnetometer is a critical component that provides heading information to the pilot by measuring the Earth's magnetic field. It functions by detecting changes in the magnetic field surrounding the aircraft and translating these measurements into a heading reference. This data is essential for navigation, enabling pilots to maintain their desired course during flight. The magnetometer works in conjunction with other systems, such as the attitude and heading reference system (AHRS), but it specifically provides the magnetic heading, which is often used for basic navigational purposes.

In contrast, the air data computer (ADC) primarily processes data related to airspeed, altitude, and other performance parameters, while the AHRS integrates information from multiple sensors, including the magnetometer and accelerometers, to provide a comprehensive view of the aircraft's orientation in space—imparting both attitude and heading. The transponder, on the other hand, is responsible for communication with air traffic control and does not contribute directly to displaying heading information to the pilot.