How does the magnetic compass work?

The magnetic compass operates by utilizing a magnet within a liquid-filled case. The magnet itself is suspended so that it can rotate freely. This design allows the magnet to align itself with the Earth's magnetic field, reflecting the direction of magnetic north. The liquid in the case dampens any vibrations and helps to stabilize the floating magnet, ensuring that it can point reliably towards magnetic north without interference from minor movements or turbulence.

The other options do not accurately represent the operation of a magnetic compass. For instance, a rotating magnet on a pivot is not how traditional magnetic compasses work, as they rely on a magnet's natural inclination to align with Earth's magnetic field rather than a pivoting mechanism. Reading the Earth's magnetic field directly lacks the detail of how the compass achieves this alignment. Similarly, electronic sensors are used in modern navigation systems, but they pertain to different technologies, such as electronic compasses, and are not a function of the magnetic compass itself.