How does advection fog form?

Advection fog forms as a result of warmer, moist air moving over a cooler surface. When the warm air encounters the cooler surface, the temperature of the air decreases, leading to the cooling of air masses. This cooling can cause the water vapor in the air to condense into tiny water droplets, creating fog. This mechanism is particularly common in coastal areas where warm air travels over cooler ocean waters, but it can also occur over colder land surfaces.

Understanding the formation of advection fog is important for pilots and meteorologists, as it can significantly reduce visibility, affecting flight operations and safety. Recognizing the conditions that lead to this phenomenon helps in anticipating and managing potential challenges during flight planning and execution.