For IFR operation, which equipment is included in GRABCARD?

The correct equipment included in GRABCARD for IFR operations is indeed the combination of a clock, attitude indicator, and rate of turn indicator.

The GRABCARD is an acronym that stands for specific equipment required for IFR flight, emphasizing the necessity of certain instruments for safe navigation and control in instrument meteorological conditions.

The presence of a clock is essential for timing and managing various phases of flight, especially in terms of instrument approaches and holding patterns. The attitude indicator is critical for providing information on the aircraft's orientation relative to the horizon, which is vital when flying without visual references. The rate of turn indicator gives pilots insight into how quickly the aircraft is turning, which aids in maintaining situational awareness and managing turns, particularly in instrument conditions.

In contrast, other options such as flight director and autopilot may assist pilots but are not specifically mandated under GRABCARD for IFR. Similarly, safety equipment, navigation lights, and flaps, while important for general safety and operation, do not pertain to the specific IFR instrumentation requirements outlined by the GRABCARD acronym. Thus, the focus of GRABCARD is explicitly on those instruments crucial for conducting safe and effective IFR operations.