According to ICAO Annex 10, why is an LPV not considered a precision IAP?

An LPV, or Localizer Performance with Vertical guidance, approach is often mentioned in the context of performance-based navigation and precision approaches. Although LPV approaches provide accurate lateral and vertical guidance down to a decision altitude comparable to that of traditional precision approaches, they are not classified as precision instrument approach procedures (IAPs) per ICAO definitions because they do not meet all the stringent criteria established in the precision approach standards.

The main distinction lies in how ICAO categorizes the performance capabilities and environmental considerations associated with different approaches. Precision approaches typically refer to those which utilize ground-based navigation aids like an Instrument Landing System (ILS) that provide both lateral and vertical guidance with a higher level of accuracy and reliability. LPV approaches, despite their high precision, depend on satellite-based navigation (GNSS) and require specific conditions for their operation, which might not align fully with established precision approach criteria.

In contrast, the other options mischaracterize key elements of LPV functionality. For example, LPVs do provide accurate lateral guidance, and specific avionics are indeed required to use LPV approaches, which shows an essential difference when compared to traditional precision approaches. Furthermore, they may not be available in all weather conditions due to the satellite-based nature of their guidance